Trading is a big part of Minecraft. You can trade to get a lot of things that are otherwise very hard to obtain.
Usually, you trade certain raw materials for the villagers’ currency, emeralds, or trade emeralds for materials or items. But there are also very good trades where you trade for things like enchanted books and things like that, although usually they can only be found in dungeon or stronghold chests.
To get the best trades, you have to find the right villagers to trade for what you want. For example, your best chances of finding food in villages are to raid the blacksmith chests, take the wheat, or, if you are low on food but you have some emeralds, you can trade. You might think the best deals for food would come from farmers, but you are wrong. Farmers never give you food that restores more than six hunger points, but with butchers, although it’s uncommon, you might get a trade of one emeralds for 6 to 7 cooked beef or porkchops, and they restore 8 hungerpoints.
If you want basic armor, trade with butchers for leather armor. But if you want advansed armor, weapons, or tools, you should try to find a blacksmith, they have the best trades for those things. They have iron stuff, chainmail stuff, and even diamond stuff to trade, and a diamond chestplate only costs about 16 to 18 emeralds. Starting form 1.8, there are different types of blacksmiths, like weopons smith and armor smith. They trade for only what their name says. in 1.8, if you have killed enough iron golems to make an anvil, and you have lots of emeralds, find some librarians, on their second trade page (right-click the arrow pointing right to get to that page), they always have enchantment book trades. If you don’t have any books, find a library and destory the bookshelfs to get some. Following is a list of the trades you can get.
From the chart you can see that if you have a ton of gold you don’t have a use for, and you find a village, you have good luck. All the types of villagers except one migth trade 8 – 9 gold for an emrald.
Keep in mind there is a point system in villages, and if your popularity point drops to minus fifteen (it starts at 0), iron golems will seek you out and find you (a good thing is, iron golems can’t pass the village boundaries, which is a 9 × 65 × 65 box around the center of the village):
In the picture below, the top left is a farmer, the top middle is a priest, the top right is a butcher, the bottom left is a librarian, the bottom right is a blacksmith.
If you have two or more villagers (I’ll explain how to get them), you can create a village. To creat a village, you have to have a very big roof, and a lot of doors, i think 29, and villagers will spawn, as well as iron golems, but although the iron golems can protect a village, light your village well so the village can’t spawn mosters. Also, keep your village indoors.
But there is still the risk of zombie sieges, when zhombies, no matter how brightly lit (exept sunlight) the village is, zombies will spawn and kill villagers, help if you can by killing the zombies, or just keep away so that zombies don’t spawn.
Also, in normal and hard difficulty, there are a 50 and 100 percent chance respectedly that an attacked villager will become a zombie villager, but zombie villagers can be changed back into villagers with a splsh potion of weakness or a golden apple (not the enchanted golden apple). The transformation happens after a few minutes, during that time, you have to protect it from the sun with a helmet or a pumpkin, which is even better (a helmet slowly burns away, but a pumpkin doesn’t). Naturally spawned zombies also have a 5% chance of being a zombie villager, and you can also change them back into villagers, which is a way to repopulate or creat a village.
Also, you can install mods to make villages better, these are some links to the good mods for villages:
more village biomes:
village tarverns:
http://www.curse.com/mc-mods/minecraft/village-taverns-updated
better villages:
minecraft come alive:
ruins*:
http://www.atomicstryker.net/ruins.php
more biomes*:
http://minecraft.curseforge.com/mc-mods/60045-too-many-biomes
villagers want emeralds:
http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/2427489-172vnm-villagers-need-emeraldsupdated/
Millénaire:
http://millenaire.org/index.php?l=en
* not entirely related to villages, but still fun to play with
The Best Minecraft Tutorials 
Would be good if the second image was near the paragraph that describes it.
Thanks
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